Clik here to view.
The facts about switchyards, incoming and outgoing feeder connections, CTs...
What do you need to know about designing a switchyard? Well, to simplify, you need a lot and it’s not that simple. Switchyards need to be designed with respect to... Read more The post The facts about...
View ArticleClik here to view.
Guide to erection and commissioning of MV/HV switchgears (Inspection,...
Erection and commissioning of MV/HV switchgear are quite complex and full of tiny little details that can easily make your project slow down or even stop. Not to mention deadlines... Read more The...
View ArticleClik here to view.
Testing and commissioning of MV/HV switchgears (wiring, final inspection and...
This article continues the series of articles dedicated to erection, testing and commissioning of MV/HV switchgears by describing the most important precautions and recommendations in various...
View ArticleClik here to view.
Improving the cybersecurity of substations using intrusion detection
Multiple layers are necessary to ensure the cybersecurity of substations. Cryptography allows authentication of devices, but not all attacks can be prevented with these measures. Firewalls and “air...
View ArticleClik here to view.
My experience in drafting the layout & arrangement drawing of 33/11 kV...
Medium voltage substations fall within the sub-transmission power system category, which feeds the bulk consumers directly or facilitates the secondary and tertiary distribution to small industrial...
View ArticleClik here to view.
Mastering switchgear control circuits – AC/DC circuits and circuit breaker...
Control circuits are vital to the operation of medium voltage switchgear. The integrity of these control circuits is essential to the switchgear’s proper operation, so commissioning and maintenance...
View ArticleClik here to view.
Mastering switchgear control circuits: trip, BCPU and alarm, indication, and...
In the last article, an introductory part of the switchgear control circuits, including DC/AC circuit and breaker closing circuit, was discussed thoroughly. This article continues the discussion with...
View ArticleClik here to view.
The facts about numerical relays that every electrical engineer should know
The first protection devices based on microprocessors were employed in 1985. The widespread acceptance of numerical technology by the customer and the experiences of the user helped in developing...
View ArticleClik here to view.
Four ways of ensuring proper selectivity in MV/HV electrical network protection
Selectivity study of a power system is usually considered as an advanced job for advanced engineers, mostly relay protection engineers. This article will try to get close to a few important...
View ArticleClik here to view.
Mastering GIS control circuits: AC/DC auxiliary circuits and circuit breaker...
A gas-insulated substation (GIS) is usually utilized in high voltage applications in which all conductive parts are encapsulated in sealed cylinders with SF6 as the insulating medium. The...
View ArticleClik here to view.
Learn how to read and analyze control circuits of MV gas insulated switchgear...
Previously, an introductory part of the GIS and its components were discussed to pave the way for the GIS control circuits. Moreover, the single-line diagram example for a double-bus and a single...
View ArticleClik here to view.
Recommendations for the successful erection of medium voltage switchgear
Electrical engineers working on project execution know that switchgear erection brings many challenges, no matter the voltage level. The switchgear cannot always be assembled in the factory and...
View ArticleClik here to view.
Functional testing of IEC 61850 based Substation Automation Systems
Testing the protection element settings of IEDs and protection schemes are well established practices when testing a Protection, Automation and Control (PAC) system. Tools and methods are available to...
View ArticleClik here to view.
Sizing of 110V DC charger for MV panels – Auxiliary power supply in power...
An auxiliary DC power system that consists of a charger, battery bank, DC distribution system, and monitoring system is a critical part of the primary/secondary substation. It is directly...
View ArticleClik here to view.
The mystery of nuisance tripping incidents in transformer protection that...
This technical article deals with transformer failure incidents due to nuisance tripping caused by various design flaws, operational conditions, or improper protection relay settings. The focus is on...
View ArticleClik here to view.
My experience in drafting the layout & arrangement drawing of 33/11 kV...
Medium voltage substations fall within the sub-transmission power system category, which feeds the bulk consumers directly or facilitates the secondary and tertiary distribution to small industrial...
View ArticleClik here to view.
The mystery of nuisance tripping incidents in transformer protection that...
This technical article deals with transformer failure incidents due to nuisance tripping caused by various design flaws, operational conditions, or improper protection relay settings. The focus is on...
View ArticleClik here to view.
Fundamental electrical schemes of connections for supply at generator voltage...
This technical article will shed some light on fundamental schemes and arrangements of connections for supply at generator voltage, higher than generated voltage, and a few basic transmission schemes....
View ArticleClik here to view.
My experience in drafting the layout of an LV switchgear (equipment, inside...
Low voltage (LV) switchgear is a broad terminology that includes a wide range of equipment like circuit breakers, switches, offload isolators, MCCBs, etc. within the 1 kV rating required to... Read...
View ArticleClik here to view.
My advice in successful reading single-line, schematic, P&ID, logic, and...
Engineering tasks require a good skill in reading and interpreting information on drawings. Engineering drawings are the industry cornerstone of conveying detailed and precise information on how to...
View Article