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Learn how to interpret transformer nameplate information
As we all know, all substation equipment (should) have a metal plate with its “name” on it. Here we’ll discuss power and distribution transformers and information that their nameplates carry.... Read...
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Four ways of ensuring proper selectivity in MV/HV electrical network protection
Selectivity study of a power system is usually considered as an advanced job for advanced engineers, mostly relay protection engineers. This article will try to get close to a few... Read more The...
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Sizing of 110V DC charger for MV panels – Auxiliary power supply in power...
An auxiliary DC power system that consists of a charger, battery bank, DC distribution system, and monitoring system is a critical part of the primary/secondary substation. It is directly...
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My advice in operating an unknown energized LV switchgear
Switchgear is an integral part of the electrical protection system, which is used for isolating the faulty parts as well as de-energizing the downstream equipment during maintenance or any other......
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The most common failure modes of electrical equipment in distribution systems
Each piece of electrical equipment on a distribution system has a probability of failing. When first installed, a piece of equipment can fail due to poor manufacturing, damage during shipping,... Read...
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Dos and don’ts in operating LV/MV circuit breakers, relays, disconnectors and...
Typically, protecting an electrical system, low-voltage, medium-voltage, or high-voltage, whichever it is, does not entirely depend upon a single component. The protection system is often a...
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The essentials of overcurrent protection you are not allowed to forget (types...
Relay protection is nowadays completely digitalized and very sophisticated; there is no doubt about that. But, do electrical engineers really understand what they do when setting parameters and...
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Distribution earthing systems in LV/MV networks (design instructions and...
The electrical earthing system is designed to provide safe and correct operation of the network under normal, earth fault, and transient conditions. During earth fault conditions, large fault currents...
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Schematics and docs needed for communication systems of substation protective...
Communication systems of electric utilities have become increasingly critical to electric system protection, operation, and maintenance. For fast tripping and clearing of system faults,...
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Troubleshooting operation of MV/LV distribution substation (most common...
The distribution substation is one of the most important yet arguably the most troublesome section of the power system. Prolonged operation and frequent switching make distribution substations more...
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The difference in how series and shunt capacitors regulate the voltage and...
At a casual look, a capacitor seems to be a pretty boring and unsophisticated device, that is, two metal plates separated by a dielectric insulating material. Couldn’t be simpler than... Read more The...
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Eleven most important calculations you can perform with power system analysis...
This technical article we will go through a number of existing applications for conducting a wide range of electrical studies. However, the practice says that studies involving load flow and fault......
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Thoughtful considerations to design MV/LV distribution substations for...
The installation of a new MV/LV electrical substation is often part of a more global project, and it is not always the subject of very detailed attention. However, the consideration... Read more The...
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The art of the transmission switchyard design: The physical layout...
This article aims to shed some light on the so-called physical engineering activity in switchyard design in conjunction with some engineering computations. The physical layout engineering tackles the...
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Substation design choices and reasons for a new modern vs retrofit and...
This technical article addresses some of the most important reasons, dos and don’ts in making the substation design choices between designing a new modern and digital substation or retrofitting the......
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A comprehensive guide to voltage transformer (VT) circuit supervision techniques
Voltage transformer supervision, often referred to as VT fuse fail supervision relay, plays a pivotal role in safeguarding electrical systems. Its primary objective is to detect any potential failure...
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The loop electrical distribution system used to supply bulk loads (industrial...
First, let’s say a word or two about the essentials of power distribution systems for our young electrical engineers. An electric distribution system, or distribution plant as it is sometimes... Read...
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Mastering Interlock Logic and Schemes for a Gas-Insulated Substation (132 kV...
As we delve deeper into this article, we will explore the various types of interlocking mechanisms used for Gas-Insulated Substation (GIS), their applications in substations, power plants, and...
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Prepare yourself for successful inspection and testing of MV metal-clad...
This article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the essential inspection and testing processes, emphasizing their importance in the effective functioning of medium-voltage switchgear. The...
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Auxiliary DC power system used for fault detection, trip coils and remote...
The auxiliary DC control power system is considered the most crucial element of a protection, control, and monitoring system. The failure of the direct current (DC) control power can result... Read...
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