Substation ownership demarcation between the utility and the plant (considerations & issues)

September 17, 2017, 10:21 pm

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The substation ownership demarcation between the utility and the plant is very important and should be determined carefully. Specific ownership of the substation and associated equipment may be a complicated... Read more

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7 design diagrams that HV substation engineer MUST understand

October 3, 2017, 11:31 pm

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A substation engineer should have a good understanding of the electrical equipment and layout of HV power substation. It’s also important to understand relationship between protection and the other equipment... Read more

Troubleshooting Transformer In Power Substation And Detailed Failure Investigation

November 5, 2017, 10:34 pm

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Failure of transformer in power substation is not a sudden phenomenon, for that matter each and every failure will take place only after alerting through some pre-signs. If they went... Read more

A Good Grounding Of The Power Substation And Switching Station – What Does It Really Mean?

December 17, 2017, 10:32 pm

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Provision of adequate grounding in a substation and switching stations are very important for the safety of operating personnel as well a electrical devices do not rise above tolerable thresholds... Read more

Important Factors In The Design Of Distribution Substations

December 19, 2017, 10:55 pm

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Distribution substation design must be a combination of reliability and quality of the power supply, safety, economics, maintainability, simplicity of operation, and functionality. Safety of life and preservation of property... Read more

3 Bad Conditions That Cause False Differential Current In Power Transformer

December 27, 2017, 5:24 am

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When applying differential protection of power transformer, three bad conditions must be considered which can lead to unbalance to the currents applied to the relay (compared with the expected currents... Read more

Protection Of Industrial Power Supply Systems (Fuses, MCCBs and Overcurrent Relays Settings)

January 2, 2018, 4:25 am

≫ Next: HV Transmission Line Components (Towers, Conductors, Substations, ROWs and Roads)

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As industrial operations processes and plants have become more complex and extensive, the requirement for improved reliability of electrical power supplies has also increased. The potential costs of outage time... Read more

HV Transmission Line Components (Towers, Conductors, Substations, ROWs and Roads)

January 7, 2018, 11:30 pm

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The towers and conductors of a transmission line are familiar elements in our landscape. However, on closer inspection, each transmission line has common components with unique characteristics, beginnings and ends.... Read more

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What is what in outdoor HV substation? How to identify elements by shape and function?

January 9, 2018, 11:09 pm

≫ Next: Circuit configurations (single line diagrams) for HV and MV switchgear installations

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It’s not always an easy task to explain what is what in high voltage substations. Shapes of the major elements are mostly similar through substations, but there are also combinations... Read more

Circuit configurations (single line diagrams) for HV and MV switchgear installations

January 21, 2018, 10:24 pm

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The starting point for planning a switchgear installation is its single line diagram. This indicates the extent of the installation, such as the number of busbars and branches, and also... Read more

AC Auxiliary Systems In Power Substations (Design Requirements and Equipment)

February 13, 2018, 10:29 pm

≫ Next: Reading and Understanding AC and DC Schematics In Protection And Control Relaying

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Substation AC auxiliary systems are typically used to supply loads such as transformer cooling, oil pumps, and load tap changers, circuit breaker air compressors and charging motors, outdoor device heaters,... Read more

Reading and Understanding AC and DC Schematics In Protection And Control Relaying

March 11, 2018, 10:38 pm

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This technical article explains the AC/DC schematic representation of the protection and control systems used on power networks. This includes AC schematics and DC schematics and diagrams that prominently feature... Read more

Understanding Substation Single Line Diagrams and IEC 61850 Process Bus (Depicting Relay Circuits)

March 13, 2018, 10:46 pm

≫ Next: Design and Installation of Medium Voltage Switchgear (Facts You MUST Know)

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The single line diagram (SLD) is the most basic of the set of diagrams that are used to document the electrical functionality of the substation. Its emphasis is on communicating... Read more

Design and Installation of Medium Voltage Switchgear (Facts You MUST Know)

March 25, 2018, 10:57 pm

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When specifying and planning medium voltage switchgear for a substation, functions and influencing factors must be matched and an economically efficient solution must be found among the offerings of manufacturers.... Read more

The post Design and Installation of Medium Voltage Switchgear (Facts You MUST Know) appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

HV Substation Equipment For Engineers In a Nutshell

April 8, 2018, 10:36 pm

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Substations are locations where transmission lines are tied together. They fulfill a number of functions. One of them is that they allow power from different generating stations to be fed... Read more

The post HV Substation Equipment For Engineers In a Nutshell appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

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Coordination problems in electrical networks that lead to nuisance CB tripping

April 10, 2018, 9:33 pm

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There are a number of problems that commonly occur in industrial and commercial networks, and some of them are covered in the following paragraphs. Coordination malfunctioning is leading to nuisance... Read more

The post Coordination problems in electrical networks that lead to nuisance CB tripping appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

Reliability Or Unreliability Of Capacitor Banks, Failure Modes and Case Ruptures

April 15, 2018, 11:03 pm

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Several problems contribute to the overall reliability or unreliability of capacitor banks. In a detailed analysis of Kansas City Power & Light’s automated capacitor banks, Goeckeler reported that blown fuses... Read more

The post Reliability Or Unreliability Of Capacitor Banks, Failure Modes and Case Ruptures appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

6 different types of relaying schemes to protect the EHV and UHV transmission lines

April 18, 2018, 1:16 am

≫ Next: 3 Common Transformer Phenomena That Should Worry Substation Engineers

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A substation can employ many relaying systems to protect the equipment associated with the station. The most important of these are: transmission and distribution lines emanating from the station, step-up... Read more

The post 6 different types of relaying schemes to protect the EHV and UHV transmission lines appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

3 Common Transformer Phenomena That Should Worry Substation Engineers

May 1, 2018, 9:50 pm

≫ Next: The Most Used Outdoor Switchyard Layouts You Should Know About

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Even with the best engineering practices, abnormal situations can arise that may produce damage to power transformer and other equipment and compromise the continuity of the delivery of quality power... Read more

The post 3 Common Transformer Phenomena That Should Worry Substation Engineers appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

The Most Used Outdoor Switchyard Layouts You Should Know About

May 6, 2018, 9:16 pm

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The arrangement of outdoor switchgear layouts and installations is mostly influenced by economic considerations, in particular adaptation to the space available and the operational requirements of reliability and ease of... Read more

The post The Most Used Outdoor Switchyard Layouts You Should Know About appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.