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Steps to Ensure Effective Substation Grounding (2)
Steps to Ensure Effective Substation Grounding (photo by Peak Power Engineering, Inc.) Continued from previous article: Steps to Ensure Effective Substation Grounding (1)Ensuring Proper GroundingIn...
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Arrangements of LV Utility Distribution Networks (1)
Arrangements of LV Utility Distribution Networks (photo credit to abbmvit.blogspot.com)IntroductionIn European countries the standard 3-phase 4-wire distribution voltage level is 230/400 V. Many...
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Arrangements of LV Utility Distribution Networks (2)
Arrangements of LV Utility Distribution Networks (photo by Steve Ives @ Flickr: Street in Haddington, Philadelphia, PA, US) Continued from the previous part: Arrangements of LV Utility Distribution...
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Testing and Commissioning of Substation DC System
Testing and Commissioning of Substation DC System (on photo: The battery assembly rated at 108V 200AH, 55 Tungstone Plante Cells all fitted with Aquagen catalytic recombination fillers, which...
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High Voltage Substations Overview (part 1)
Substations and Distribution Substations Overview (Photo by Ipco Group)Introduction High voltage substations are interconnection points within the power transmission and distribution systems between...
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High Voltage Substations Overview (part 2)
High Voltage Substations Overview (part 2) Continued from first part: High Voltage Substations Overview (part 1) Distribution SubstationsTransformers are used for the transformation of high and medium...
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Things You Should Know About Medium Voltage GIS
Things you should know about MV GIS (Medium Voltage Gas Insulated Switchgear) - photo by ormazabal.comContent Environmental ConcernsSafety ConcernsSpecial Handling ProceduresInstallation...
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Defining Size and Location of Capacitor in Electrical System (1)
Defining Size and Location of Capacitor in Electrical System (1)Content Type of Capacitor Bank as per Its Application:Fixed type capacitor banksAutomatic type capacitor banksTypes of APFC – Automatic...
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Active Fire Protection Measures in Substation
Active Fire Protection Measures in Substation (photo by Marcus Wong via Flickr)Fire DetectionActive fire protection measures are automatic fire protection measures that warn occupants of the existence...
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How to Determine Correct Number of Earthing Electrodes (Strips, Plates and...
How to Determine Correct Number of Earthing Electrodes (Strips, Plates and Pipes) - part 1IntroductionNumber of Earthing Electrode and Earthing Resistance depends on the resistivity of soil and time...
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How to Determine Correct Number of Earthing Electrodes (Strips, Plates and...
Installation of vertical electrodes of earthing Continued from first part: How to Determine Correct Number of Earthing Electrodes (Strips, Plates and Pipes) – part 1 2. Calculate Number of Plate...
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Requirements and Functions of Substation Automation
Requirements and Functions of Substation Automation (photo by psi-incontrol.com)IntroductionSubstation automation is the cutting edge technology in electrical engineering. It means having an...
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Why Community Acceptance Is Important for Planning, Design and Construction...
Power Substation that converts electricity from 66kV down to 11kV (photo by Marcus Wong via Flickr)Importance Of Community AcceptanceCommunity acceptance generally encompasses the planning, design, and...
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What’s Really Important When You’re Designing The Low Voltage Switchgear?
What's Really Important When You're Designing The Low Voltage Switchgear?Requirements on the SwitchgearHere what’s important when you’re designing the low voltage switchgear:Device Application in the...
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An Overview Of Grounding System (Ungrounded)
An Overview Of Grounding System (Ungrounded) (On photo: installed ground clamp. The 2" x 0.022" copper strip is treated with a copper based anti oxidation grease and then clamped to the clean copper...
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An Overview Of Grounding System (Grounded)
An Overview Of Grounded Grounding System (on photo: Grounded solar panel by J.E.M. Solar; jemsolar.com) Continued from technical article: An Overview Of Grounding System (Ungrounded) Topics...
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Natural Ventilation Of Power Substation
Natural Ventilation Of Power Substation (on photo: Alara-Lukagro transformer doors, type AL-D/T - in compliance with the performance requirements and directives of various power companies)Thermal...
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Dry-Type Transformer Installation and Ventilation Requirements
Dry-Type Transformer Installation and Ventilation Requirements (On photo dry-type transformer placed and connected)InstallationDry-type transformers should be installed over foundations that are...
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What’s That Hissing, Cracking, Buzzing Noise?
What's that hissing, cracking, buzzing noise? (on photo: Corona discharge on insulator string of a 500 kV transmission line)Corona or Partial Discharge with Buzzing NoiseCorona can be visible in the...
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Example of standard MV/LV network structure
Network structure exampleNetwork structure:Example network above consists of:MV consumer substation;Two MV ratings: 20 kV and 6 kV;The main MV switchboard fed at 20 kV can be backed up by a set of four...
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